NEC/Va. Tech Smart Intersection Tech Aims to Reduce Crashes
NEC and the Virginia Tech Smart Road apply 5G and edge computing to provide warnings before crashes.
NEC Corporation of America has partnered with the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute (VTTI) to develop potentially life-saving smart intersection technology that uses AI-enabled cameras to monitor the flow of traffic and pedestrians through intersections.
The partners’ goal is to provide a warning system for road users when the AI detects an imminent collision. The system can also draw conclusions from long-term data to inform improvements to the layout and maintenance of intersections, as well as the timing of traffic signals.
In this project, NEC provides its 5G networked devices, while VTTI employs the Virginia Tech Smart Road to perform tests that train NEC’s AI. During these tests, cameras and private 5G base stations are mounted on signal poles of VTTI’s private testing facility so they can transmit high-definition traffic images via private 5G to the local edge computing processors that perform real-time analysis of the images using AI.
The system identified dangerous traffic conditions and hazards, such as the approach of pedestrians or animals, to provide warnings to drivers. These tests were conducted from January to March 2023 in Blacksburg, Virginia on the Virginia Smart Roads, one of the only facilities in the world that can conduct these advanced tests.
The private 5G system not only doesn’t cause covid nor exercise magical mind control over people nearby, but it also doesn’t identify or authenticate individuals the cameras see in the intersection. The tests included software-based privacy filtering based on requirements of the Virginia Department of Transportation.
The demonstration employed the n78 frequency band used by the Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) in the U.S. The base stations introduced for private 5G networking align with O-RAN Alliance specifications and the tests were conducted under the commission of Japan’s Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications' "Verification Tests of 5G and Video Analysis Applications Using Traffic Signals in the United States."
The cellular-V2X system can relay warnings to vehicles approaching the intersection using the manufacturers’ in-vehicle alert systems and can warn pedestrians and cyclists of a hazard by projecting red light onto the ground in the intersection. Green lights can assure them of a safe condition.
Thanks to the close proximity of the edge computing processors right at the intersection and the high speed of the 5G wireless connection, the turnaround time for the AI to identify a hazard is only half a second. This speed is critical because it takes drivers between 0.8 and 1.6 seconds to respond to a warning, VTTI Senior Technology Implementer J.P. Talledo told Design News.
"The concept of infrastructure-cooperative mobility that NEC is aiming for requires highly reliable, low-latency communications via a dedicated network to predict or detect incidents near intersections,” said Mike Mollenhauer, Director of the Division of Technology Implementation at VTTI.
NEC's Masahiko Mack Nakagawa, inspects the company's 5G installation at the Virginia Smart Road at VTTI.
“Our 5G solution is a very small lightweight antenna, lunchbox-sized,” explained Masahiko Mack Nakagawa, Vice President of Corporate Business Development Division, NEC. We can mount it on a utility pole, traffic light, or building.” VTTI provided guidance on the best locations to install NEC’s equipment.
“Using that 5G we connect cameras at intersections and edge computing units at traffic lights,” he said. “The second part is the edge component doing AI analysis to provide situational awareness. The Software predicts what will happen next based on whether a car is going straight, slowing, or turning. Once the AI system detects the risk of accident, it broadcasts a warning system.”
“At the Virginia Smart Road, we tested 166 different use cases to evaluate if that system has good enough accuracy and good enough turnaround time to notify warning before the accident happens.,” Nakagawa said. The verdict was positive, he added. Yes, the system is effective at warning road users in time to prevent or minimize collisions.
NEC's AI can detect a fallen pedestrian in the intersection to trigger an alert to approaching drivers.
In addition to providing real-time analysis and warnings, the system can also monitor long-term trends at intersections. “We are collecting data so that the DOT knows what is happening and how they can improve the intersection, such as by changing signal timing. We can indicate what kind of solution is needed. Maybe a smart intersection is not required.” Upgrades can be as simple as pruning nearby trees to improve sight lines. “We can answer why they are having a lot of accidents or near-miss cases,” said Nakagawa.
The next step will be to apply what was learned from the controlled environment of the Virginia Smart Road to the real world. “VTTI intends to work with NEC to apply the results of these tests to intersections on live public roads," said Mollenhauer.
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