This data was then deployed in the next stage of the project -- creating a thermal simulation using Simulia software to observe the behavior of the iceberg as it melts. Finally, Simulia Abaqus FEA software was used to evaluate the risk of fracture for the iceberg and to explore any resulting environmental impacts.
Once these simulations were complete, the results were integrated into a drift model created in Dymola, Dassault's multi-engineering modeling tool. This simulation incorporated the principles of melting gleaned from the hydraulic and thermal exercises; meteorological and oceanographic data that the convoy could encounter on any given time or place; and physical phenomena like wind and current rates or rotation of the earth. The simulation could be fine-tuned to the point of picking an exact departure date or a general piloting strategy, Simard said, and in minutes, the results were delivered, enabling the team to easily test dozens of parameters and analyze their resulting causes and effects.
The team created a precise model of the tabular iceberg based on real data collected on icebergs in the Newfoundland area, and used Abaqus FEA from SIMULIA to evaluate the risk of fracture for the iceberg in order to explore potential environmental impacts.
With hundreds of man-hours of 3D simulation under its belt, the Dassault/Mougin team finally came to what Simard admits was a pretty stunning conclusion. The so-called "Ice Dream" wasn't really a pipedream after all. In fact, the iceberg, outfitted with Mougin's innovative skirt-and-belt system, could be towed on a several thousand kilometer journey between Newfoundland and the Canary Islands in 141 days, with the iceberg only losing on average 38 percent of its mass. And instead of costing what Simard estimates would have been around $10 million to deploy a working prototype of Mougin's system, Dassault's 3D virtual simulation approach cost less than $500,000 to prove out the Ice Dream concept.
While Mougin's idea is still far from being commercialized (or even formally on its way to creating a working prototype, for that matter), Simard said the Dassault exercise invigorated the project, and Mougin's company is now actively seeking funding partners to continue their work.
"I'm not sure they would have been able to test the idea without the power of 3D," Simard said. "The value in 3D is that you can test anything -- even something that seems completely out there."
Interesting article. It's neat to how how 3D technology can be used to similate real world situations and the results of different possible solutions. Now it'll be interesting to see how technology works to define and simulate the next step. Quite often in a project like this there is a first theoretical test. And then there is a smaller model type test. How will technology develop in a way to give a good small test of a consept like this. Will it be tugging a small iceberg? Will it be done in simulation inside of a lab tugging small pieces of ice through a swimming pool.
I really enjoy seeing how a concept can go from its first conception inside of someones head, into a simulation, into a model and then into realization.
All good questions, Ivan. The method of transportation that they studied was moving a tabular iceberg from a specific point A to point B (Newfoundland to the Canary Islands) using a single tug (one boat because of environmental concerns, I believe). The simulation determined it would take 140 days and that it could be done without significant melting given Mougin's innovative skirt and belt design. I'm not sure they did anything beyond this in terms of how slice and dice the iceberg once arriving at the destination or how to break it up and turn it into the water source. I do know the simulation accounted for whether or not the iceberg would fracture during transport, hence why they zeroed in on a tabular iceberg structure.
I have heard that icebergs are very dangerous since they are unstable and tend to roll unexpectedly. This might be a hazard during transport. Perhaps this is not a problem for very large sheets of ice that might be part of this scheme.
The simulation involves a large ocean going tug towing an iceberg to the destination. Perhaps multiple ships might be able to get the whole thing up to a couple of knots. They might be able to tow it using cables but anchoring them in the ice in a reliable fashion might be a problem.
It is indeed interesting when a sufficiently accurate simulation provides unusual insights into a problem, especially when it leads to such positive conclusions.
As previously noted it would seem the destination processing might be a critical factor. It would take some thinking to figure out an economical way to process the berg once it arrived at its destination. Cutting it into manageable pieces might help.
It might be more cost effective to figure out how to capture more of the rainfall and trap it before it runs into the sea. I have heard that there is more than enough fresh water that falls as rain on North America but it runs off to the sea. I also understand that a lot of Bermuda's water needs are met by cisterns that trap rain water falling on the roofs of many homes.
Do we have any more information on the method of transport that was part of the study? And how long did the study anticipate for the actual transportation, several months? Any ideas on how to create or carve out a large enough piece of the ice?
It is clear that water can be moved as icebergs, though the costs reported are misleading since there is no detail about how the iceberg will be tapped when it is at its destination. This might not be insurmountable, but it might make the iceberg a less viable choice except for special destinations where there are no other options.
It has already been proven that water can be effectively moved in aquaducts and these are more readily coupled into irrigation water systems as well as municipal systems. We would do better to look at distributing water on a continental basis in North America. This would be a practical infrastructure project and would involve no advanced knowledge or simulations.
The California aquaduct built in the early 1960s demonstrated the enormous productivity that can result from relatively primitive water engineering.
On an ongoing basis, the Great Lakes and many Canadian sources could be used in a continental water management system. This could change the productivity of massive Western land areas. The special benefit would be that it could enable establishing standing forests of sufficient extent to serve as 'carbon' capture and sequestration without sacrificing the economic backbone of our industrial economy. Other measures would still be important, but it would no longer be necessary rail against coal fired power plants or oil sands processing.
@ScotCan: Given that a big part of the simulation had to do with simulating the "melt" of the iceberg and knowing that the team used extensive thermal simulation, I'm sure those factors were taken into consideration. Here's a link to more about the specific thermal simulation around iceberg melt.
How about the Coriolis effect on such a large iceberg? Apparently it gets very complicated as one gets closer to the Equator. Did the sumulation account for that aspect?
Mougin has been at this for 40 years and at one time, had the backing of a Saudi prince. Perhaps it's the same project and it's evolved over time. Not sure about the ties to Iowa State University, though.
I remember a project like this back in the 70's with Saudia Arabia financing...thru Iowa State University, if my memory serves correctly. The icebergs were to be shaped to provide less towing resistance. The idea was to cover the iceberg's surface above water with a layer of sawdust for insulation and a giant tarp anchored to the ice.
While it may be practical to tow an ice berg. Why not scoop up smaller ice bergs and transport them in "water tankers". If they melt it would not matter then pump the water out at the destination. No need to cover them or build a receiving port for a half mile block of ice.
Chuck: These particular sets of simulations were really to prove out the feasiblity of the concept, not necessarily verify a specific design. If Mougin's company gets funding and if they move on to the next stage, my guess is they'll employ lots of other simulations to further refine the designs, prove them out, and still build a physical prototype at some point. With something of this magnitude, I can't imagine going straight to production on anything without actually creating a physical system.
Most of the engineering groups I'm talking with are leveraging simulation tools not as a substitute for building a physical prototype, but rather as a way to reduce the number of physical prototypes they build. So they only spend the money to build a physical prototype of the optimized design.
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