Squirrels aren't exactly the first thing that come to mind when you think of withholding the truth, but researchers have used the bushy-tailed creatures to teach robots to do exactly that.
Researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology at the behest of the Office of Naval Research have developed technology that can allow robots to deceive each other, much in the same way squirrels do when trying to protect their hidden acorns. The military could one day use the robots to protect ammunition or supply stores in combat situations or on the battlefield.
"We have developed algorithms that allow a robot to determine whether it should deceive a human or other intelligent machine and we have designed techniques that help the robot select the best deceptive strategy to reduce its chance of being discovered," said Ronald Arkin, a Regents professor in the Georgia Tech School of Interactive Computing, in a press release.
Georgia Tech researchers Ronald Arkin and Alan Wagner pose with robots that have been trained to deceive each other by studying the behavior of squirrels trying to protect their food stash. The work funded by the Office of Naval Research could eventually be used by the US military. (Source: Georgia Tech)
Researchers used the behavior of squirrels when storing food to develop the algorithms. Squirrels store their acorns in specific locations and routinely keep an eye on those spots to ensure the food is still there. When other squirrels are near a food store, the possessive squirrel will try to lure them away by visiting spots where no acorns are stored and treating those spots in a similar manner. In nature, this behavior works.
Researchers also used a type of bird found in the Middle East called the Arabian babbler to develop the algorithms. These birds distract a predator bird by joining with other birds and attacking a predator in a fake show of force. The deception technique can inspire the predator to give up the hunt.
To prove that the deception technology works in robots, Georgia Tech researchers dispatched two autonomous robots to play 20 games of hide-and-seek. Researchers lined up colored markers along three potential pathways to places where one of the robots could hide, while the other robot sought to find it. On the way to the spot, the hiding robot would knock down the colored markers. To deceive the seeking robot, the hiding robot would proceed to a hiding spot and knock down the markers, but then change course and hide in another location that couldn't be discerned from the displaced markers. The seeking robot used the presence or absence of markers to find the hiding spot.
The hiding robot was successful at deceiving the other robot in 75 percent of tests, researchers said. Failures occurred when the hiding robot did not knock over the appropriate markers to accurately deceive the seeking robot. "The experimental results weren't perfect, but they demonstrated the learning and use of deception signals by real robots in a noisy environment," said Georgia Tech Institute research engineer Alan Wagner in the press release.
Robotics researchers already have been using the movements of animals, birds, and insects in their design of robot movements for some time, but now animal behavior is becoming increasingly more relevant for the design of robot intelligence. In other work, researchers in the UK are working on computer models of a honey bee's brain to create a robot that can think like the flying insect.
You're right, it's not always obvious where funding is coming from. And I've noticed the same difference in sources of funding between Europe and the US for robotics research. European governments and consortia are also more likely to provide funding for research in other areas, such as bioplastics or biofuels.
Ah, really...I wasn't sure about that. I guess it's not always so transparent who is paying for the research. I also have covered a few things in Europe and sometimes it's funded there by European commissions or consortiums rather than the military.
That's an interesting bit of history. It seems now that a lot of the behvaioral type of robot innovation seems to be coming out of research institutions and universities vs. the military. In fact, I think also it's becoming the same for research into robotic movement, too.
The movements phase took a long time. Much initial research was simply fundamental work trying to see all the different ways you could design a robot that moves. Later, that went 180 degrees and design of movements was targeted to specific uses, such as much of Boston Robotics' work. That seems to be about the time that more military funding was becoming available.
Indeed, Ann. Movements are one thing that engineers have really made significant progress on in terms of robots...behavior really is the next wave now. It's interesting when they use animal behaviors, I think, because humans can never really fully understand animals, if you think about it. They can observe them and get a good idea of the how and why of behaviors, but we don't really know what's going on in an animal's mind. To transfer that to robots is quite a challenge in its own right, I think! Will be interesting to see how this all develops. It seems like there is something new every day!
Thanks, Elizabeth--this is very funny, as well as an intelligent use of biomimicry in research design. Squirrels are very sly creatures. It's also interesting that the biomimicry here is now aimed at behavior, not movements, as you point out. That's a sign that design is making progress past some simple basic problems, and moving into a different phase.
I wonder if they'll still call it artificial intelligence when the computer is programmed to have a blonde moment...no offense to any blondes. It is scary to think about how much artificial intelligence has come in the last few years. In college I remember they used to test aretificial intelligence by some test and computers improved so much that they had to change the test.
Yes, jmiller, this is true...and I hope this is what will always separate humans from robots! But robot design is getting so sophisticated that who knows, maybe sometime there will be artificial intelligence even for that! Personally, I hope not, but the mind boggles...
Thanks, Charles, I will check that out. I am quite interested to see how this would be done, considering how difficult humor is even for humans who speak the same language, not to mention it is the most difficult thing to translate in other languages. Appreciate the info!
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