I attended a conference a little while back that covered everything you ever wanted to know about control and automation. The conference was sponsored by Siemens, which gave many of the presentations. But there were just as many by other experts, particularly folks who were either partners or customers of Siemens.
I sat in on a bunch of sessions in the security track, as there was a lot of information that, frankly, I was completely unaware of in that space. I’m mostly referring to how vulnerable our networks are, or, more precisely, how vulnerable your networks are.
At first glance, I asked myself, “Why would someone want to hack into somebody’s network on a factory floor?” The simple answer is: because they can. The less simple and more disturbing answer is: because they want to disrupt someone’s business. You’d hate to think that a competitor would initiate something like that, but you never know.
One of the more eye-opening presentations on this topic was delivered by Chuck Tommey, of A&E Engineering. Tommey is a senior controls systems engineer with 18 years of experience in the field. His presentation was titled, “How Hackers View Your Control System & What You Can Do About It.” The quote that got my attention was, “I’m scared silly. Very few plants are even close to thinking seriously about cybersecurity.”
It’s certainly no surprise that the “networked plant” has arrived and is here to stay. You could easily argue that the “networked world” is here to stay. What I learned at these presentations is that cybersecurity is not keeping pace, not by a long shot.
It’s to the point that our government is taking notice and is quite concerned about the issue. In fact, one prominent government blogger recently wrote about how Senators Joe Lieberman and Susan Collins, along with the Department of Homeland Security, hosted a cybersecurity demonstration. The purpose was to highlight some of the hackers’ methods and show how to protect against them.
The blogger, Brendan Sasso of Hillicon Valley, went on to say, “The sessions are part of a push for cybersecurity legislation. Lieberman and Collins, the top lawmakers on the Homeland Security and Government Affairs Committee, are the lead sponsors of a bill that would empower the Homeland Security Department to set mandatory standards for critical infrastructure systems such as electrical grids and gas pipelines.”
A second presentation I attended talked about how to actually implement the security into your network. It was given by Harry Brian and Barbara Fichtinger, both of Siemens. The best piece of information I pulled from this presentation was that security has to be implemented as part of the process, not something you add on later. And, “processes require well-trained people who live them.”
As evidenced regularly by our own Black Hat developers, no network is 100 percent bulletproof. But the harder you can make it, the more likely that the perpetrators will simply go looking elsewhere for a network to break into. Make sure you’re not that “other network” that gets hacked.
What’s your take? Tell us in the comments section below.
williamlweaver, thanks for that description. Sounds like your school has hired good security consultants/staff and has carefully thought out the whole process--or let the experts do it. One other thing might be to insist on the use of laptops with a ton of security features on them, such as Fujitsu's LifeBooks aimed at corporate users, although they tend to be too pricey for students
Richard--Excellent article. I live in a community of approximately 50,000 people. In a city of that size, you would definitely not expect an issue with hacking BUT, we have had such an event occur with our local water and sewage facilities. It seems the hackers were not necessarily bent on impeding the performance of the facilities because there were no viruses downloaded to interrupt operations. They did it simply because they could. Maybe it was a "trial run", who knows. No damage done but the "city fathers" certainly had their wake-up call. Prior to my retiring from GE, our IT guys were working on protecting the factory floor. The computer component of the business has been protected for years but the production facilities were not really considered vulnerable until a few years ago. Again, great post.
Hi Ann, there have been some growing pains since our first wireless hub that we hung up in the lab back in the the late 90's, but the security steps we have taken are common-sense procedures. Our school has done away with our anonymous WiFi. All users must now provide their school log-on credentials to access the network. It is of course not fool proof, especially when phones and tablets that have remembered passwords are stolen. At the very least, access is role-based with students, faculty, and administrators all having different levels of accesses. When students physically plug into their dorm rooms with cable (must faster than saturated WiFi), their devices must be running the anti-virus software provided for free by the university, have all of the latest OS security patches installed, and be running a small app provided by the university that evaluates the security-level of the device. With so many laptops returning from the Summer break, it is difficult to keep the number of viruses running through the network in check, but IT does a great job.
My other concern mirrors the scandals involving lost or stolen mobile devices. Not permitting sensitive data to be saved or transmitted would be a nice technological trick, but it appears feasible to require multi-component verification when logging on, especially from a new location or device. Similar to how Google requires a password and a PIN sent to your mobile device, I imagine we could go a long way in production floor security if parameter or code changes needed to be approved by another set of eyes on-call --- that at least would cut down on the number of disgruntled former (or soon to be former) employees that place time-bombs in systems before they leave. With such a push for collaboration, I'm kind of surprised that so many individuals can make un-reviewed software changes on their own...
williamlweaver, thanks for telling about your school's security procedures. I did some industry research in security a few years ago, after several rather public scandals involving lost or stolen mobile devices containing highly private, personal and/or compromising data (financial and otherwise). At that time, mobile devices were considered one of the number one unsecured holes in corporations, so it's good to know that recognition of that problem has reached universities.
Well stated, @Jack. Perhaps what I am thinking about is more like a voluntary ISO certification for security practices. That way business could evaluate potential suppliers and partner firms based on their level of security vulnerability. My thoughts are also affected by our security practices here at our university. Each Fall semester, the school welcomes over 5,000 devices that need to access the school's network to complete their studies. Each device must pass a configuration test and download security software before it is able to connect to the network. In this scenario, the school acts as the regulatory authority... there are lots of regulatory levels we could get to before we need to engage the federal government. =]
@williamlweaver, I am still not a fan of government regulation into the security aspects of private business. (Businesses contracting for the goverment, being granted special access to goverment property, or dealing with control substances / products are a differnt case). It is up to individual businesses to secure their data as they see fit - just like they are responsible for their own own physical security. A Fortune 500 company might need a different plan than Joe's Corner Panel Shop.
TJ, good point about flash drives, although security experts generally say that internet connections are at least as dangerous. Another big point of entry has been handheld devices, although those have become a lot more secure.
I guess we should be just as surprised about the importance of Factory Floor Network Security as we were surprised by the importance of Y2K. We all knew it was a problem, but there was little concerted push to fix it until we scrambled to avert a catastrophe.
I'm not a huge fan of government regulations, but I can support the need for regulations concerning cybersecurity. In addition to clamping down on access from outside networks, I would hope that simple security measures such as multi-parameter identity verification and multi-user moderation would be a strong first step. Hollywood currently depicts cybersecurity breaches as easy as stealing a photo ID key card from an unsuspecting employee.
Requiring multi-parameter login identity verification and then requiring all program modifications and confidential data accesses to be approved by a moderator would stop both an unknown intruder and a lone disgruntled employee from being able to log in, access confidential data, and starting the self-destruct sequence...
Ann, Stuxnet got into Iran's nuclear program even though there was an air gap.
Flash drives are potentially more dangerous than having a plant connected to the internet. A simple way to social-engineer access into a factory is to load a virus payload onto several high capacity flash drive and scatter them on the ground in the target's parking lot.
Very few people would resist picking it up thinking it was their lucky day. If they're scattered in the early morning, then the loaded drive goes into the building, where it gets slotted into a work computer to see what's there.
Some companies have policies against flash drives, and some of them even institute Group Policies (through their network) to prevent USB ports from being used for mass storage, but they are the very small exception.
I agree, Ann, connectivity has changed everything in the plant. The control engineers were dragged into this kicking and screaming. Now they have vendors who are monitoring, even running, various aspects of plant operations, from maintenance to diagnostics to optimization.
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