Back in 80s I was a calibration technician in the US Air Force, working in an Electronic Warfare shop. We had a major expansion that doubled the size of the facility. After the normal new building problems (leaky roof, phones not working, etc.), we had a new, shiny building with plenty of workspace, storage space, a break room, and even a shower.
After about six months, however, some strange electrical problems started showing up. Because this was Florida during the summer, we normally had to shut down for afternoon thunderstorms and lightening advisories to protect the tens of millions of dollars of test stations, avionics, and other systems. It took a while for the patterns to emerge from the normal glitch noise level.
First, my test station started blowing 45A fuses in the disconnect box mounted on the wall. This wasn’t too uncommon, but one of the station power supplies would usually go first. We would replace the fuse and bring the station back up, stage-by-stage, until we found the fault. Sometimes the fuse would just blow -- or so it seemed. The pattern started to emerge when a fuse blew about once a week. We would troubleshoot each time, but couldn't seem to find the problem.
The frequency increased until we were blowing a fuse a day. We then realized that we were only blowing the B phase fuse. At this point, we called in the electrician from base Civil Engineering. His clamp-on ammeter indicated we were only drawing about 17 amps per phase and the phases were fairly well balanced. The CE electrician had run out of 4517A fuses and only had 60A fuses in his kit, so he installed one.
After some lively discussion, we noted the station was on a 50A circuit, and we needed to get back up and running while the electrician ran across base to get the correct fuse. In the meantime, the 60A fuse blew and the 50A breaker didn’t. This time, instead of sending it straight to the trash, I picked up the fuse from the fuse puller to check the rating and burned my fingers.
That was the aha moment. We weren’t blowing the fuses, we were melting them! After shutting the main breaker off, I started probing and prodding the disconnect box, and I found some discoloration on one fuse holder clip and the terminal lug underneath it. The ohmmeter indicated more than 1 ohm on this heavy gauge connection. P= I˛R. The 17A draw was enough to cook the fuse until it melted. A closer look revealed water marks inside the disconnect box. The box was mounted on what was the outside wall before the expansion.
The new roof had overlapped the old one, resulting in numerous leaks when we moved in. Water had gotten into the box and corroded the contact. The leaks had been fixed and the damage done before we even moved in.
The electrician returned about an hour later with the new fuses. I explained my findings and indicated that the box needed to be replaced, even after cleaning up the contacts. After three more electricians were called out to view the problem, the senior CE electrician finally agreed and the box was replaced about a week later.
Just raise the price of the fuses to something intolerable. Management won't tolerate that too long. When the box costs less than the fuses they'll agree more quickly to replacing it.
On a recent troubleshooting call, the fuses in question were rated for 650 amps. The customer had a "water event" through their motor control center. After replacing the fuses and powering up, they blew a second time. Since these 650A fuses cost $350 a piece, blowing 3 of them a second time was expensive enough to justify calling in some expert help.
Still, to justify the very high cost you propose, some bells and whistles would be appropriate.
The replacement of the fuse with one of a higher rating while going to the parts room for the correct value makes sense. The clamp-on ammeter showed much less current flow than the fuse rating. It is a military installation so the presumption is it MUST stay operational and it will be staffed while the electrician is en-route. No equipment had malfunctioned, so it could be assumed (love that word!) that the problem was in the wiring. Blowing a 40A fuse on one leg of a 208 3PH line implies a heck of a lot of heat being dissipated somewhere. All these being considered, upping the fuse and going for more fuses seemed the reasonable thing. Picking up the blown fuse was pure luck. Understanding what the temperature of the fuse implied was the stroke of genius. Those fuses are removed using pullers and there would normally be no reason to handle the fuse with your bare hands. Good story and a good lesson for the rest of us: be curious, observe, think.
We had a similar problem in our first house--water in the circuit-breaker box. I looked for a leaking water line but found none. Then during a rain storm I noticed water dripping from the breaker box. Apparently water got into the outdoor service cable, ran into the meter box, and then the water flowed into the service cable and into the breaker box. The local power company came and wrapped their part of the cable in waterproof tape. Then I thoroughly caulked the meter box with silicone sealant. No more water problems. The circuit-breaker box was about 20 feet from the entrance of the service cable into the house, so a lot of water had to accumulate to push through to the circuit breakers. No permanent damage, thankfully.
Every electrical shop ought to have an infrared camera. You can get a reasonably good basic model these days for 6-800$ When you have unexplained fuse and circuit issues, scan the panel, the receptacles, starters, etc. For troubleshooting, where you have quirkly stuff going on, it's much safer to start with the IR scan than to go poking around on fuse clips with meter probes, looking for voltage drop, or manipulating conductors to get a clamp-on ammeter attached. You're liable to poke a connection that's loose and start an arc that results in an arcing fault ... in your face.
Daveladd wrote "Every electrical shop ought to have an infrared camera. You can get a reasonably good basic model these days for 6-800$."
You don't even need to buy a special infrared camera. The image sensors in inexpensive point-and-shoot cameras and even cellphone cameras are sensitive to infrared and the cameras have no filters. You can quickly find a hotspot just by waving the camera around. (The camera is also a good tool to check your TV or DVD player remote. Watch the camera screen while pressing buttons on the remote.)
You can measure the hotspot temperature with one of these inexpensive non-contact devices" http://www.harborfreight.com/catalogsearch/result?q=thermometer . They are also useful for measuring duct outlet temperatures when you suspect heating or air-conditioning problems.
My dishwasher has a small circuit board with user option switches on it, connected with a Molex connector. One of the switches is directly in series with the heating element used for drying. The Molex connector also caused a circuit board fire.
I suppose I could submit this as another Made by Monkeys article but I've just told the complete story (except for the repair).
It is amazing how often the simple things are often overlooked. Fuses aren't as complex as the equipment they are protecting, so we find it easy to dismiss them. The same way with plugs, knobs, pots, switches, and other interim devices. We forget they are there until we have problems we cannot explain. He did a good job finding the problem!
I also had an "issue" with a new construction house I moved into 10 years ago. First, I had my own inspector do an onceover on the house and found that the range wiring had a high impedance to ground on one phase. The problem was that the drywall had been installed with a nail that was put entirely through the phase wire. The builder was not happy but replaced the entire feed and redid the drywall.
About 6 months later i installed a ceiling fan in our dining room and tried to control it from the switch that had been prewired by the builder. No power anywhere downstream of the switch (but the switch had 120 VAC on it)! After much up and down on the ladder, I pulled the wiring out of the box at the switch and found that the wire I used had some electrical tape wrapped around it. It ended up that the wire had been cut and since it was not immediately put in use the electrician simply hid it by wrapping tape around it. It did pass inspection but wasn't usable. I did get enough wire freed up to make the connection and got the switch operational but not before a few choice words about a fellow in my profession.
$30 for an ir thermometer? Crazy, but I have to try that camera trick. I've used cameras to pick up remote signals before and is helpful when focusing IR sensors.
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