After testing electric vehicles in four US cities during 2012, luxury automaker Audi AG says it's getting closer to knowing the configuration of the powertrain and battery cooling system for its new A3 e-tron plug-in hybrid, which will reach production in 2014.
"We know the details of the electric powertrain, we just haven't released them yet," Jeff Curry, e-mobility and sustainability strategy lead for Audi of America, told Design News. "The car is in final development now."
Click on the image below to check out the Audi A3 plug-in hybrid, its interior, and what's under the hood.
The Audi A3 e-tron pure electric pilot vehicles use two lithium-ion battery packs. One is air-cooled; the other is liquid-cooled. Packs in production vehicles will not be the same as those used in the all-electric pilot car, however, according to the luxury automaker. (Source: Audi)
In an attempt to learn more about electric powertrain technology, Audi has tested pure electric (i.e., battery-electric) versions of its A3 on roads in Los Angeles; San Francisco; Denver; and Washington, D.C., this year. Knowledge gained from the pilot program has helped the company's engineers determine key characteristics for the hybrid, such as the size of the e-tron's lithium-ion battery pack, as well as its method of cooling.
To get a better handle on both issues, Audi engineers have employed two battery packs -- one that is liquid-cooled and another that is air-cooled -- on each pilot vehicle, Curry told us. "There are advantages to each," he said. "We found that it depends on how you package the batteries in the vehicle. Sometimes liquid cooling isn't necessary, depending on how you package it."
Questions of battery size and cooling techniques are critical for electric cars and plug-in hybrids because together they help determine the car's all-electric range and the cost of its battery pack. The Chevy Volt, for example, employs a 16kWh liquid-cooled battery and offers a range of about 37 miles, while the Prius plug-in hybrid uses a 4.4kWh air-cooled pack and offers an all-electric range of about 13 miles.
Even though Audi's new car will be a plug-in hybrid that burns gasoline, the company's engineers have tested the lithium-ion packs in e-tron all-electric pilot cars. Using a pack capacity of 26.5kWh in the pilot cars, they've reportedly found the right battery size for the upcoming hybrid. Audi has not said how that size will compare to that of other plug-ins, such as the Volt or Prius PHV, however.
Curry said the pilot program is also helping Audi learn how pure electric vehicles would fit into the company's vehicle portfolio. "When we talk to our customers about an Audi electric vehicle, we tell them that they should think of a battery-electric vehicle as being a great second car," he said. "But the plug-in hybrid is designed to be an 'only car.' If you're a young couple or a single person in the city and you have only one car, the hybrid is a great concept because it can give you zero-emission driving or it can give you range."
Audi and other luxury automakers are in a good position to build electric vehicles, Curry said, because the high cost of the electric powertrain can be more easily absorbed into the vehicle's overall price tag. Moreover, he added, the instant torque and quiet performance of electric vehicles fit well in the premium segment. "If you take the core attributes of electric powertrains and put them in an Audi wrapper, it becomes very compelling," Curry said.
Cap'n, this seems to be a sensible approach. Like Ford, Audi is building hybrid and battery-electric versions of its existing models. This lets the consumer choose the power source of their choice. It also lets the manufacturer build all these types of cars on the same line, lowering the costs. Looks like a good deal.
I'm surprised that Audi is really just beginning to fully explore this market and technology. Volkswagon has had flexible fuel, all electric and hybrid cars available for years, worldwide.
I'd expect Audi to take it to a higher level over it's sister brand VW but this is a slow, albeit good, beginning.
I agree that it's sensible for a lot of reasons, Naperlou. One big reason is that Audi makes luxury cars. That means the cost of the battery can be more easily absorbed into the overall cost of the vehicle. Up to now, electrics and plug-in hybrids have been targeted at Chevy, Nissan and Toyota. Up to now, plug-ins have appealed to high-income buyers. The average Chevy Volt buyer is said to have an annual income of $170,000.
I agree that the approach makes a lot of sense, especially with high-end car brands like Audi, which have devoted buyers who often move from one model year to another in whatever time frame they are ready to buy a new vehicle. In that way, the buyer ready to upgrade can opt to go hybrid route if the technology is evolved enough.
Cost likely won't play too much of an issue here as well. Audi commands a higher price tag than many of the competing luxury brands so it's likely its buyers won't flinch too much at premium pricing.
When Bob Lutz set GM on the road to EV's he established himself as the father of the rebirth of electric powered vehicles and placed GM in an envieable position despite all the lies that the Republicans came up with.
The Volt is Great! The powertrain was designed by a woman engineer. They have figured out ways to get the costs down and this winter at the NAIAS we will see the Converj although some of the stupids have renamed it with some alphabet soup.
Good to see Audi playing ketchup, and that it is. So much for vaunted German Engineering. Time and again American Engineers have shown their superiority.
If GM can muster up some fantastic Colors the Converj will be seen as one of the great cars of all time, like the 20 Grand or the XK or the 300 gull wing. And it will be far more widely available.
Thank goodness for Obama! Otherwise we'd have a real mess and no Converj, no Volt and we'd be forever playing ketchup and it would look like real blood.
Charles, if battery cooling is do important, how energy efficient are these cars? Seems like they are wasting as much energy in electricity as we waste in gas. Maybe they waste more energy over all. Any facts?
Will you please resit the urge to polarize yourself and fellow readers on this forum by making such political fodder. Namely making inflamatory fodder by inferring that all Republicans are eco-hating liars? I know it's hard for you to fathom but their are some liberal left-leaning folks like yourself who also disagree with a green-at-any cost agenda who are liars also. We are divided enough as a country, let's not take it to the office. Thanks for keeping it civil.
I'm from Detroit, Went to GMI and the U of M. I resent all of the attacks that we have endured and the false "proper" approach and the nasty and dead wrong cartoons.
So I know saved when I see it.
You should see all of the Cafe Racers buzzing around town. Wonder where all that came from... Actually I do know.
And though an Archtect who is very conscious about energy and energy losses.
I am absolutely clear that the boat was missed in the realm of Wind energy.
A National Laboratory for testing an development should have been established to perfect the wind engines rather than be lemmings copying that 1946 design found in the bowels of the drawing files of NASA.
Efficiencies of 59% can be had with a different approach.
Those 3 bladed fans are very low efficiency wise, maybe 20% if lucky. T Boone is correct given the ubiquitous, antiquated and bad design.
So I am not green agenda guy at any cost by any means, particularly when it is represented by bum engineering.
But GM taught me that efficiency is important so I would cast my lots with those who believe in fine engineering.
So please don't categorize me as a green-at-any cost agenda guy.
Proper, modern engineering has not been conducted in this realm.
And I am not running around advocating a quick switch to electric powered vehicles, but I do know it is coming, having covered the Progressive X-prize for Electric vehicles despite the fact that all of the EV manufacturers eschewed the contest.
January's NAIAS showed that EV is coming, even in pickup trucks.
We are very close to an election and I will stick with Bob Lutz's reflections and conclusions because he was there.
Integrity is always the real issue that we should guard and prize.
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